Dong Qichang 董其昌

Dong Qichang (1555–1636) was a prominent Chinese painter, calligrapher, and art theorist of the late Ming dynasty. Born in Huating, now part of modern-day Shanghai, Dong was a leading figure in the Southern School of painting, which emphasized personal expression and literati ideals over realistic representation. His work and theories significantly influenced the development of Chinese landscape painting, advocating for a synthesis of past styles to create a new, harmonious aesthetic. Dong's calligraphy was equally esteemed, characterized by its elegant and fluid style, which drew inspiration from earlier masters. Throughout his life, Dong held various official positions, which allowed him to engage deeply with the cultural and intellectual currents of his time. His contributions to art theory and practice left a lasting legacy, shaping the trajectory of Chinese art for centuries.