Orientalism

Orientalism, an art movement prominent in the 19th century, is characterized by its depiction of the East, particularly the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia, through a Western lens. This movement emerged during a period of European colonial expansion and was marked by a fascination with the exotic and the other. Key characteristics include the romanticized portrayal of Eastern landscapes, architecture, and people, often imbued with a sense of fantasy and sensuality. Common themes include harems, bazaars, and desert scenes, frequently reflecting Western stereotypes and fantasies rather than authentic representations. Orientalism significantly influenced art history by shaping Western perceptions of the East and contributing to the broader discourse on cultural imperialism. Artists such as Eugène Delacroix, Jean-Léon Gérôme, and John Frederick Lewis are notable figures within this movement, whose works continue to provoke critical discussions on cultural representation and power dynamics in art.