Tonalism

Tonalism, an art movement that emerged in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, is characterized by its emphasis on mood and atmosphere through the use of a limited color palette and subtle gradations of tone. This movement often depicted landscapes enveloped in mist, twilight, or other conditions that softened outlines and emphasized the unity of form and color. Key themes include the exploration of nature's ephemeral qualities and the evocation of a contemplative, often melancholic mood. Tonalism was significantly influenced by the Barbizon School and the works of James McNeill Whistler, whose "Nocturnes" exemplified the movement's aesthetic. It served as a precursor to American Impressionism and influenced later developments in modern art by prioritizing emotional resonance over detailed representation.