Intermediate

"Hannah Crocker Bowles Wolff (Mrs. Phillip Wolff) (1827-1872)" is a portrait created by Richard Morrell Staigg, an English painter known for his work in the mid-19th century. The painting exemplifies Staigg's skill in capturing the likeness and social status of his subjects, reflecting the cultural values of the period regarding portraiture and the representation of women in society.

"Dorothy Murray (1743-1811)" is a portrait painted by John Singleton Copley in 1763, depicting the subject in a fashionable gown, which reflects the artist's skill in capturing both likeness and the social status of his sitters. This work exemplifies Copley's mastery of oil painting and his ability to convey the character and individuality of his subjects, contributing to his reputation as a leading portraitist in colonial America.

"Lachrymae" is a painting by Frederic, Lord Leighton, created between 1894 and 1895. The title translates to "Tears" in Latin, reflecting the emotional theme of the work. The painting depicts a woman in a flowing gown, seated and holding a lyre, symbolizing the connection between music and sorrow. Leighton was known for his mastery of color and form, and this work exemplifies his interest in classical themes and the human figure. The painting is characterized by its rich color palette and intricate detailing, showcasing Leighton's technical skill. "Lachrymae" is often interpreted as a meditation on loss and the passage of time. The work is part of the collection at the Leighton House Museum in London. The specific inspiration for the painting remains unknown.

"Aragonese Dwarf," painted by Vicente López y Portaña in 1806, depicts a court dwarf named Sebastián de Morra, who was a prominent figure in the Spanish royal court. The work is notable for its realistic portrayal and psychological depth, reflecting López's mastery in capturing the human condition, and it has been influential in the genre of portraiture, particularly in its empathetic representation of marginalized individuals.

"Dog in Motion," created by Joseph Stella in 1912, exemplifies the artist's interest in capturing dynamic movement through a series of overlapping forms and vibrant colors, reflecting the influence of Futurism. The painting not only showcases Stella's innovative approach to depicting motion but also contributes to the broader discourse on the representation of animals in modern art, emphasizing the intersection of nature and technology during the early 20th century.

"Goose and Small Banana Leaf" is a notable work by Maruyama Ōkyo, a prominent Japanese painter of the Edo period, recognized for his contributions to the development of realistic painting techniques in the Nihonga style. The painting exemplifies Ōkyo's mastery of naturalism and his ability to capture the delicate interplay of light and texture, reflecting the broader cultural appreciation for nature during the time.

"Daruma," created by the Japanese Zen monk and painter Fūgai Ekun in the late 17th century, exemplifies the integration of Zen philosophy and artistic expression, depicting the legendary figure Bodhidharma, the founder of Zen Buddhism. The painting is notable for its bold brushwork and minimalist aesthetic, reflecting the principles of simplicity and directness that are central to Zen art, and it has had a lasting influence on subsequent generations of Japanese ink painters.

"Daniel Cady Eaton (1834-1895)" is a portrait painted by John Ferguson Weir, completed in 1895, which captures the likeness of the prominent American botanist and educator. The work exemplifies Weir's mastery in portraiture and his ability to convey the intellectual gravitas of his subjects, contributing to the tradition of academic portraiture in the late 19th century.

"Charles Francis Adams (1807-1886)" is a portrait painted by American artist William Morris Hunt in 1881, capturing the prominent statesman and member of the Adams political family. The work is notable for its psychological depth and the use of light, reflecting Hunt's influence from both the Barbizon School and his studies in Europe, contributing to the development of American portraiture in the 19th century.

"The Princess, St. George and St. Louis, after Tintoretto" by Robert David Gauley is a contemporary reinterpretation of the themes and stylistic elements found in the works of the Venetian painter Tintoretto, particularly his dramatic use of light and composition. This painting reflects Gauley's engagement with historical narratives and his exploration of the intersection between past and present in art, contributing to ongoing dialogues about the legacy of Renaissance painting.

"A Group of Old Testament Figures," created by Corrado Giaquinto in the mid-18th century, exemplifies the artist's mastery of color and composition, reflecting the Baroque style's dramatic expressiveness. The painting, which features prominent biblical figures, was commissioned for a religious setting, highlighting the significance of Old Testament narratives in the context of Catholic devotion during the period.

"Portrait of a Woman Wearing Red and Black," created by Denman Waldo Ross in 1910, exemplifies the artist's exploration of color and form, reflecting his interest in the interplay between abstraction and representation. The painting is significant within the context of early 20th-century American art, showcasing Ross's influence as a painter and educator who contributed to the development of modernist aesthetics in the United States.

"The Nativity" by Fra Bartolommeo, an Italian painter of the High Renaissance, is a significant work that reflects the artist's deep engagement with religious themes and his mastery of composition and color. The painting depicts the birth of Jesus Christ, a common subject in Christian art, emphasizing the divine nature of the event through the use of light and serene expressions. Fra Bartolommeo, known for his adherence to the principles of the Renaissance, often incorporated elements of classical harmony and balance in his works. The artist's background as a monk influenced his spiritual approach to painting, which is evident in the contemplative atmosphere of this piece. The exact date of creation remains uncertain, but it is generally attributed to the early 16th century, during a period when Fra Bartolommeo was active in Florence. The work exemplifies the artist's distinctive style, characterized by robust figures and a harmonious color palette, which contributes to the overall sense of tranquility and reverence. "The Nativity" is housed in a private collection, and its provenance reflects the interest in Renaissance art that has persisted through the centuries. The painting serves as an important example of the religious art of the period, illustrating the intersection of faith and artistic expression in the context of the Italian Renaissance.

"Jean-Baptiste Faure (1830–1914)" is a portrait painted by Édouard Manet between 1882 and 1883. The subject, Jean-Baptiste Faure, was a prominent French baritone and a close friend of Manet. The painting reflects Manet's interest in capturing the character and personality of his sitters. Faure was known for his performances at the Paris Opera and was a significant figure in the music scene of the time. Manet's style in this work showcases his mastery of light and texture, particularly in the rendering of Faure's clothing and facial features. The painting is characterized by its loose brushwork and a focus on the sitter's expression. It is currently housed in the collection of the Musée d'Orsay in Paris. The exact circumstances of the commission and the relationship between Manet and Faure remain largely undocumented.

"Portrait of a Bearded Man with a Ruff" is an oil painting by the Dutch artist Frans Hals, created around 1625. The work exemplifies Hals's mastery of portraiture, characterized by his dynamic brushwork and ability to capture the personality of his subjects. The painting features a bearded man dressed in a ruff, a popular fashion accessory of the time, which adds to the subject's dignified appearance. The identity of the sitter remains unknown, as does the specific context of the portrait's commission. This work is part of the collection at the Museo del Prado in Madrid, Spain. Hals's innovative approach to light and texture in this painting contributes to its significance in the history of Dutch Golden Age art.

"De Witt Clinton" is a portrait painted by Samuel F. B. Morse in 1826. The painting depicts De Witt Clinton, who was a prominent American politician and the sixth governor of New York. Morse, known primarily as a painter before his invention of the telegraph, created this work to commemorate Clinton's contributions to the state, particularly his role in the construction of the Erie Canal. The portrait is characterized by its neoclassical style, emphasizing Clinton's dignified presence and leadership qualities. The painting is part of the collection at the New-York Historical Society. The exact circumstances of its commission are unknown. Morse's work reflects the cultural and political climate of early 19th-century America, highlighting the importance of public figures in shaping the nation’s identity.

"Zapata" is a mural created by José Clemente Orozco, a prominent Mexican muralist known for his politically charged works. The painting depicts Emiliano Zapata, a key figure in the Mexican Revolution, symbolizing agrarian reform and social justice. Orozco's portrayal of Zapata emphasizes his role as a revolutionary leader, showcasing the figure in a dynamic pose that conveys strength and determination. The mural is characterized by Orozco's signature use of dramatic lighting and expressive forms, which serve to enhance the emotional impact of the subject. The exact date of creation is not definitively recorded, but it is part of Orozco's broader body of work that emerged during the early to mid-20th century, reflecting the tumultuous socio-political landscape of Mexico. The painting is housed in the Hospicio Cabañas in Guadalajara, Mexico, a UNESCO World Heritage site that features several of Orozco's murals. Orozco's work, including "Zapata," is significant for its exploration of themes such as revolution, identity, and the human condition, contributing to the narrative of Mexican art and history.

"Landscape with Two Figures in a Meadow," created by Denman Waldo Ross in 1910, exemplifies the artist's engagement with Impressionist techniques and his interest in the interplay of light and color within natural settings. The painting reflects Ross's broader contributions to American art as both a painter and an educator, influencing the development of modern art in the United States through his teaching at Harvard University and his involvement with the Boston art community.

"Le Marché aux Bestiaux, Dieppe," painted by Walter Sickert in 1886, depicts a bustling livestock market in Dieppe, France, showcasing the artist's interest in capturing contemporary life and the interplay of light and color. This work is significant within Sickert's oeuvre as it reflects his engagement with Impressionism and his exploration of urban scenes, contributing to the development of modern British art.

"Portrait of a Seated Young Man, Hand to Head," created by Denman Waldo Ross in 1910, exemplifies the artist's exploration of modernist portraiture and psychological depth through the use of color and form. The painting reflects Ross's engagement with both American and European artistic movements of the early 20th century, contributing to his reputation as a significant figure in the development of modern art in the United States.

"Landscape with Two Figures in a Field," created by Denman Waldo Ross in 1910, exemplifies the artist's engagement with the American Impressionist movement, characterized by its vibrant color palette and loose brushwork. The painting reflects Ross's interest in the interplay between human figures and the natural environment, contributing to the broader discourse on the representation of landscape in early 20th-century American art.

"Friar Angelo Ferretti as Saint Peter Martyr," painted by Lorenzo Lotto around 1520, depicts the Franciscan friar and martyr Saint Peter Martyr, emphasizing themes of piety and martyrdom. The work is notable for its vivid color palette and intricate detailing, reflecting Lotto's mastery of portraiture and his ability to convey the spiritual intensity of his subjects, which contributed to the development of Venetian Renaissance painting.

"Self-Portrait Dedicated to Paul Gauguin," created in 1888, reflects Vincent van Gogh's complex relationship with his contemporary and fellow artist Paul Gauguin, whom he admired and sought to collaborate with in Arles. This work, characterized by its vibrant colors and expressive brushwork, serves as both a personal statement of Van Gogh's artistic identity and a symbolic gesture of friendship, highlighting the emotional intensity that permeated his correspondence with Gauguin during this period.

"Theodore William Richards (1868-1928)" is a portrait painted by Charles Sydney Hopkinson, an American artist known for his skill in capturing the likeness and character of his subjects. The painting reflects Richards' significance as a chemist and Nobel laureate, highlighting the intersection of art and science during the early 20th century, while also showcasing Hopkinson's mastery in portraiture and use of color.

"Marie Dihau" is a portrait of the French ballet dancer Marie Dihau, painted by Edgar Degas between 1867 and 1868. The work exemplifies Degas's interest in capturing the movement and grace of ballet dancers, a recurring theme in his oeuvre. Dihau was a prominent figure in the Parisian ballet scene during the late 19th century, and her portrayal reflects Degas's innovative approach to composition and color. The painting is characterized by its loose brushwork and the use of unusual angles, which create a sense of immediacy and intimacy. Degas often depicted dancers in various stages of performance and rehearsal, emphasizing their physicality and the rigors of their art. The painting is part of the collection at the Musée d'Orsay in Paris. The exact circumstances of the commission or the relationship between Degas and Dihau remain unknown.

"Horace Wells (1815-1848)" is a portrait by Charles Thomas Wells that commemorates the pioneering American dentist Horace Wells, who is credited with the introduction of nitrous oxide as an anesthetic in dental procedures. The painting serves not only as a tribute to Wells's contributions to medicine but also reflects the broader 19th-century advancements in surgical practices and the evolving understanding of pain management.

"Portrait of a Standing Young Man with Oranges and Lemons," created by Denman Waldo Ross in 1910, exemplifies the artist's engagement with color and form, reflecting the influence of both Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. The painting is notable for its vibrant palette and the incorporation of still life elements, which serve to enhance the subject's presence and contribute to the overall composition.

"Girls at a Window," painted by Raimundo de Madrazo y Garreta in 1875, depicts two young girls gazing out from a window, showcasing the artist's mastery of light and texture. The work reflects the influence of Spanish Romanticism and is characterized by its intimate portrayal of childhood and domestic life.

"Elizabeth Greenleaf Parsons (1758-1829)" is a miniature portrait created by American artist Sarah Goodridge, who was known for her skill in the medium of watercolor on ivory. This work exemplifies Goodridge's ability to capture the likeness and character of her subjects, contributing to the development of American portraiture in the early 19th century and reflecting the social status and cultural values of her time.

"Charles Greely Loring (1794-1867)" is a portrait painted by American artist William Page in 1866, capturing the likeness of the prominent Bostonian and philanthropist known for his contributions to education and public welfare. The painting exemplifies Page's skill in rendering character and personality, reflecting the cultural values of the mid-19th century American society, particularly in its emphasis on individual achievement and civic responsibility.

"Café Lafayette," painted by Albert E. Henselmann in 1925, captures the vibrant atmosphere of a Parisian café, reflecting the cultural milieu of the Roaring Twenties. The work is notable for its use of color and light, which evoke the lively social interactions characteristic of the era, and it contributes to the broader narrative of modernist art's engagement with urban life.

"Saint Genevieve as a Child at Prayer," created by Pierre Henri Puvis de Chavannes in 1880, depicts the early life of the patron saint of Paris, emphasizing her piety and spiritual significance. The painting reflects Puvis de Chavannes's characteristic use of muted colors and simplified forms, which contribute to its serene and contemplative atmosphere, aligning with the artist's broader thematic focus on spirituality and the human condition.

"Landscape with Boats and Figures," created by Salomon van Ruysdael in the mid-17th century, exemplifies the Dutch Golden Age's emphasis on naturalism and the interplay between human activity and the landscape. The painting reflects the artist's mastery in depicting atmospheric effects and water, contributing to the genre of marine and river landscapes that became prominent in Dutch art during this period.

"David Jacobson," painted by Denman Waldo Ross in 1910, is a portrait that exemplifies Ross's interest in capturing the psychological depth of his subjects through a modernist lens. The work reflects the artist's engagement with color and form, contributing to the broader discourse of American portraiture in the early 20th century, while also highlighting Ross's role as an educator and advocate for the arts at Harvard University.

"The Entombment of Christ," created by Jacopo Bassano the Elder around 1572, depicts the moment of Christ's burial, emphasizing emotional intensity through dramatic lighting and expressive figures. This work reflects the Mannerist style prevalent during the late Renaissance, showcasing Bassano's innovative use of color and composition, which significantly influenced subsequent generations of artists in the Venetian tradition.

The "Processional Cross" by Domenico di Michelino, created in the mid-15th century, exemplifies the artist's skill in combining religious iconography with a narrative structure, featuring the Suffering Christ alongside the Virgin and Saint John on the recto, while the verso presents a triumphant Christ with Saint Francis and other saints. This work reflects the devotional practices of the time, serving both liturgical purposes and as a visual representation of the theological themes of suffering and redemption central to the Christian faith.

"Mass" (1925) by Franz Wilhelm Seiwert is a significant work within the context of the German Expressionist movement, reflecting the artist's engagement with themes of modernity and social critique. The painting exemplifies Seiwert's innovative use of color and form, which sought to convey the emotional intensity of contemporary life, and it has been influential in the discourse surrounding the intersection of art and societal issues in the early 20th century.

"The Virgin with the Sleeping Christ Child," painted by Orazio Gentileschi around 1610, exemplifies the artist's mastery of chiaroscuro and intimate maternal themes, reflecting the influence of Caravaggio's naturalism. This work, notable for its tender portrayal of the Virgin Mary and the Christ Child, underscores Gentileschi's role in the Baroque movement and his contributions to the depiction of religious subjects in 17th-century art.

"Sunday Afternoon, Berkshire County, Mass." is a notable work by American artist James McDougal Hart, created in 1865. The painting exemplifies Hart's engagement with the Hudson River School's emphasis on the American landscape, capturing the serene beauty of the Berkshire region while reflecting the cultural and social dynamics of leisure in 19th-century America.

"Portrait of a Young Man with a Green Tie," created by Denman Waldo Ross in 1910, exemplifies the artist's engagement with modernist techniques and his interest in portraiture as a means of psychological exploration. The painting is notable for its vibrant color palette and expressive brushwork, reflecting Ross's influence from both American and European art movements of the early 20th century.

"Landscape with Field," created by Denman Waldo Ross in 1910, exemplifies the artist's engagement with the American Impressionist movement, characterized by its vibrant color palette and loose brushwork. The painting reflects Ross's interest in capturing the ephemeral qualities of light and atmosphere in natural settings, contributing to the broader discourse on landscape representation in early 20th-century American art.

"Monks in a Grotto," painted by Alessandro Magnasco in the early 18th century, exemplifies the artist's distinctive Baroque style characterized by dramatic lighting and expressive figures. The work reflects the themes of solitude and contemplation, common in Magnasco's oeuvre, and has been noted for its emotional depth and intricate detail, contributing to the understanding of religious and monastic life during the period.

"Saint Augustine," created by Giovanni di Paolo around 1440, is a tempera on wood panel that exemplifies the artist's distinctive use of color and intricate detail, reflecting the influence of the Sienese school. The painting illustrates the theological significance of Saint Augustine, a key figure in Christian thought, and has been noted for its impact on the representation of saints in Renaissance art, particularly in its emotive expression and iconographic elements.

"A Woman Seated at a Window" is a painting by Dutch artist Gabriël Metsu, created in the early 1660s. The work exemplifies the genre of Dutch Golden Age painting, characterized by its attention to detail and intimate domestic scenes. The painting depicts a young woman seated at a window, engaged in an activity that remains unspecified, which invites viewers to contemplate her thoughts and surroundings. Metsu's use of light and shadow enhances the sense of depth and realism in the composition. The artist is known for his ability to capture the nuances of everyday life, often featuring women in domestic settings. The exact provenance of this painting is not well-documented, and its current location is in a private collection. Metsu's works are celebrated for their technical skill and psychological depth, contributing to his reputation as a significant figure in 17th-century Dutch art.

"The Fortune Teller," painted by Francis Gruber in 1948, exemplifies the artist's engagement with themes of fate and chance, reflecting the post-war existential concerns of the era. The work is characterized by its vibrant color palette and dynamic composition, which contribute to its exploration of the intersection between the mundane and the mystical in everyday life.

"Thomas Coffin Amory I (1767-1812)" is a portrait painted by Gilbert Stuart, an influential American artist known for his contributions to portraiture in the early 19th century. The work exemplifies Stuart's mastery in capturing the likeness and character of his subjects, reflecting the social and cultural milieu of the period, and it remains a significant example of American portraiture.

"Portrait of a Young Man in Fur Hat," created by Denman Waldo Ross in 1910, exemplifies the artist's engagement with portraiture and his interest in capturing the psychological depth of his subjects. The painting is notable for its rich texture and the interplay of light and shadow, reflecting Ross's academic training and his contributions to the American art scene during the early 20th century.

"Two Children Teasing a Cat" is a painting by the Italian Baroque artist Annibale Carracci. The exact date of its creation is unknown, but it is generally attributed to the late 16th or early 17th century. The work depicts two children playfully interacting with a cat, showcasing Carracci's interest in genre scenes and the depiction of everyday life. The painting is characterized by its lively composition and the expressive faces of the children, which reflect Carracci's skill in capturing human emotion. The use of light and shadow demonstrates his mastery of chiaroscuro, a technique that enhances the three-dimensionality of the figures. The painting is part of a broader tradition in Carracci's work that emphasizes naturalism and the beauty of ordinary moments. The current location of the painting is not specified in the available literature.

"Mrs. Alexander Goodlet Cumnock (1838-1920)" is a portrait painted by Ernest Ludvig Ipsen, an artist known for his work in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which reflects the stylistic influences of the period. The painting captures the likeness of Cumnock, a prominent figure in society, and exemplifies Ipsen's skill in rendering detailed textures and the subtleties of light, contributing to the understanding of portraiture in that era.

"Saint Jerome in His Study," attributed to Joos van Cleve, exemplifies Northern Renaissance art through its detailed depiction of the scholarly saint engaged in translation work, reflecting the era's emphasis on humanism and classical learning. The painting, characterized by its intricate interior and rich color palette, underscores the significance of Jerome's contributions to biblical scholarship, particularly his Latin Vulgate translation, and highlights the interplay between religious devotion and intellectual pursuit in 16th-century Europe.